|
STOP LIQUOR ADS ON TV:
TALKING POINTS
"Television remains the best place to make huge things
happen...
if you hit it right, the whole country will talk about that ad."
- Cliff Freeman, Chairman,
Cliff Freeman & Partners (the agency has handled accounts for tequila and
other alcohol products)
as quoted in the Wall Street Journal,12/17/01
Alcohol Advertising Influences Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors
Children and teens already view far too many commercial messages in
the broadcast media that glamorize and encourage drinking. Young people
view approximately 20,000 commercials each year, of which nearly 2,000
are for beer and wine. 1 For every "just
say no" or know when to say when" public service announcement, teens
will view 25 to 50 beer and wine commercials.2
In 2000, brewers spent more than $770 million on television ads and
$15 million on radio ads. 3 Since
dropping its own TV ad ban in 1996, liquor-industry expenditures on
broadcast commercials (primarily on cable TV) have skyrocketed from $3.5
million to more than $25 million in 2000.4
An expanded onslaught of alcohol ads on network TV would only increase
the pressure on young people to drink.
Children’s awareness of alcohol directly translates into stronger
intentions to drink as an adult. As early as 1994, studies found that
alcohol advertising may predispose young people to drink. 5
The booze industry commonly contends that ads have nothing to do with
consumption or harm. In a September, 1999 report to Congress on
promoting alcohol to underage consumers, the FTC found that measuring
the effects of alcohol advertising on overall consumption faces
significant methodological challenges. 6
However, the FTC found that the inconclusive nature of the studies
"does not rule out the existence of a clinically important effect of
advertising on youth drinking decisions."
Even as the Supreme Court overturned Massachusetts’ ban on billboard
advertising for tobacco products 7,
it upheld its long-standing acknowledgment that product advertising
stimulates demand for products and suppressing advertising may have the
opposite effect. Are we to believe that billboard advertising for cigars
and smokeless tobacco lure kids, yet sexy, funny, romantic, or goofy
television ads for beer don’t? Only the tobacco and alcoholic-beverage
industries dare suggest that advertising has such modest intentions or
effects.
Liquor Ads will Reach Mass Audiences of Young Viewers
Young people ages 12-17 spend significantly more time watching
television during "prime time" hours than any other time of the day. On
average each week young people watch 5:59 hours of prime time television
(Monday-Saturday from 8:00-11:00 P.M. and Sunday from 7:00-11:00 P.M.) 8
9
32% of children ages 2 to 7 and 65% of children ages 8 to18 have a TV
in the bedroom. 10
49% of children live in homes where there are no set rules about TV
watching. 11
Underage Drinking and its Harms are Widespread
On average, young people begin drinking at 13.1 years of age.
According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,
those who begin by age 15 are four times as likely to become alcohol
dependent than those who wait until age 21. 12
Alcohol is a factor in the four leading causes of death among persons
ages 10 to 24: motor-vehicle crashes, unintentional injuries, homicide,
and suicide. 13
Drunk driving crash deaths are beginning to rise among teens. 14
Underage drinking costs Americans nearly $53 billion annually. 15
NBC’s "Responsibility" Guidelines are a Sham
Under NBC’s "responsibility"
guidelines, millions of underage persons
will be exposed to commercials for hard liquor, as they have been
exposed for decades to appealing, funny, and seductive spots for beer.
Advertising trade professionals have declared that the "85% adult"
standard is virtually meaningless, since nearly every NBC show would
qualify (72% of the U.S. population is 21 or over). 16
Even the industry-sponsored and branded "responsibility" messages
required by the NBC guidelines represent just another thinly veiled form
of product promotion.
In order to be credible and effective, responsible advertising
guidelines for alcoholic beverages should at minimum:
(1) Require meaningful time, place, and manner restrictions on all
television alcoholic-beverage advertising so that such ads reach as few
underage persons as possible. That should include setting a cap on the
absolute number and percent of potential underage viewers exposed to
alcohol advertising, and possibly imposing limits on the number of
alcohol ads or the time allotted for alcohol advertising within each
broadcast hour. That restriction could vary, depending on time of
broadcast and composition of the television audience;
(2) Require equal time for public health and safety messages for young
people and adults about the diverse risks of alcohol consumption.
Those messages should be produced by government or independent agencies
or public health experts not affiliated with alcoholic-beverage industry
interests, and;
(3) Require that all alcohol commercials carry visible, audible,
health warning messages about the risks of alcohol consumption. Those
messages should vary, rotate in ads, and address numerous documented
risks of alcohol consumption.
The liquor industry routinely targets "entry-level" consumers in such
youth-oriented magazines as Rolling Stone, Vibe and Spin.
Transferring those aggressively youthful ads into network television
will snare millions more teenage targets of liquor producers. Messages
designed for 21-year-olds will also have appeal for 18-year-olds and
younger teens.
The increased dependence of broadcasters on revenue from
alcoholic-beverage producers may also have more subtle and undesirable
effects. Those include: influencing station programming decisions;
compromising news and public service coverage of alcohol health and
safety issues; jeopardizing licensees' implementation of their statutory
public interest responsibilities; and hardening broadcaster opposition
to policy efforts to balance pro-drinking advertising messages with
public health information about the risks of alcohol consumption.
Numerous studies have documented how the heavy reliance by some
magazines on tobacco advertising revenues has distorted -- and in some
cases, extinguished -- their coverage of health issues related to
smoking.
1. Strasburger, V.C.;
Donnerstein, E. "Children, Adolescents, and the Media: Issues and
Solutions," Pediatrics, 103:(1):129- 139, 1999.
2. Ibid
3. Adams Business Media. (2001). Beer Handbook. Norwalk, CT.
4. Adams Business Media. (2001). Liquor Handbook. Norwalk, CT.
5. Grube, J. And Wallack, L; "Television Beer Advertising and Drinking
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Intentions Among Schoolchildren," American
Journal of Public Health, Vol. 84, No. 2, p. 254 (1994).
6. Federal Trade Commission. (1999). Self-Regulation in the Alcohol
Industry: A Review of Industry Efforts to Avoid Promoting Alcohol to
Underage Consumers. Washington, DC.
7. Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly, 533 U. S. 525 (2001).
8. Nielsen Media Research. (October 1999).
9. Roberts, D. F., Foehr, U. G., Rideout, V. J., & Brodie, M. (1999).
Kids & media @ the new millennium. Menlo Park, CA: The Henry J.
Kaiser Family Foundation.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Grant, B. F., & Dawson, D. A. (1997). Age at Onset of Alcohol Use
and its Association with DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: Results
from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. Journal
of Substance Abuse, 9:101- 110.
13. Kann, L., et al. (2000). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance -- United
States, 1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 49(SS05):
1-96.
14. National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, National
Center for Statistics and Analysis, 1999.
15. Levy, D. T., Miller, T. R., & Cox, K. C. (1999). Costs of
Underage Drinking. Calverton, MD: Pacific Institute for Research and
Evaluation.
16. Friedman, Wayne, Advertising Age magazine (January 7, 2002),
Nearly All NBC Prime-Time Shows Qualify For Liquor Ads. Observers:
Network's New Policies May Unleash a Flood of Booze Promos.
For a fact sheet and literature review on the impact
of broadcast liquor and other alcohol advertising please go to the following
link on the Alcohol-Related Injury
and Violence (ARIV) Project website:
http://www.tf.org/tf/alcohol/ariv/facts/adv5.html.
For highlights of recent research by Chuck Atkin and Esther Thorson
(Michigan State University) on alcohol advertising and youth,
click
here.
Click
here to view
action alert on broadcast liquor ads, or
click here for
additional information
on alcohol advertising February
2002 |